Natural compound-induced downregulation of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-linked genes in wastewater Aeromonas species

The global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis requires innovative solutions to mitigate impacts on public health, healthcare, and economic systems. Aeromonas, a major AMR player, often forms biofilms and harbors ARGs in wastewater. Existing wastewater treatment plants cannot completely eliminate ARGs, leading to biofilms contributing to biofouling. This paper presents a study on phytochemicals andrographolide, docosanol, lanosterol, quercetin, rutin, and thymohydroquinone, which inhibit biofilm formation, reduce gene expression, and control ARGs in wastewater Aeromonas.